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  • 1 δαίδαλος

    A cunningly or curiously wrought,

    μάχαιρα Pi.N.4.59

     (Did., Δαιδάλου codd.);

    πέπλος A.Eu. 635

    : in Hom. only neut. as Subst., ὃς χερσὶν ἐπίστατο δαίδαλα πάντα τεύχειν.. to frame all cunning works, Il.5.60, al.;

    τεκτόνων δ. Pi.P.5.36

    , cf. Opp.C.1.355: also in sg., Od.19.227.
    2 spotted, speckled, or perh. rather, sheeny, shot with light, of fish, Opp.C.1.58.
    II as pr. n., Δαίδαλος, ὁ, Daedalus, i. e. the Cunning Worker, the Artist, traditional name for the first sculptor, Il.18.592, Pl.Men. 97d: hence δαίδαλα, τά, = statues, Paus.9.3.2: also Δαίδαλα, τά, festival of Hera at Argos, ib., Plu.Daed.tit.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δαίδαλος

  • 2 συντίθημι

    συντίθημι, used by Hom. only in [voice] Med., v. infr.:—[voice] Pass. (v. infr.), but σύγκειμαι is more freq. as [voice] Pass.:—
    A place or put together,

    τὴν οὐρὴν καὶ τὸν σπλῆνα.. συνθεὶς ὁμοῦ Hdt.2.47

    , cf. 4.67;

    ὅπλα ἐν τῷ ναῷ X.HG2.3.20

    ;

    ἅπαντα εἰς ἕν E.IT 1016

    ;

    ἐν ὀλίγῳ πάντα Id.Supp. 1126

     (lyr.);

    ὁ πρῶτος συνθεὶς εἰς ταὐτὸν τὰ δύο ταῦτα βιβλίδια Gal.15.109

    ; σ. ἱμάτια, opp. ἀνασείειν, fold them together, X. Oec.10.11; σ. σκέλη, opp. ἐκτείνειν, Id.Cyn.5.10; opp. διαιρεῖσθαι, Pl.Sph. 252b; σ. ἄρθρα στόματος close the lips, E.Cyc. 625; εἰς τὸ οὖλον ( αυλον cod.) σ. τὴν κόμην, = calamistrat, Gloss.:—[voice] Pass., τὸ συντίθεσθαι καθ' ὁντινοῦν τρόπον ῥῖγος οὐκ ἀγαθόν ἐστι any sort of combination of shivering (with other symptoms), Gal.16.746.
    2 technical uses,
    a Math., add together, of numbers, Hdt.3.95 ([voice] Pass.); τό τε ἀρχαῖον καὶ τὸ ἔργον principal and interest, D.27.17, cf. 29.30: Geom., of lines and figures, Archim.Spir.Praef., Papp.70.4.
    b Math. also, of the transformation of a ratio componendo, Arist. EN 1131b8 ([voice] Pass.), Euc.5.18,24 ([voice] Pass.).
    c Logic, combine the terms of a proposition, Arist.Metaph. 1012a4, 1024b19 ([voice] Pass.); also, use the fallacy of composition (cf.

    σύνθεσις 1.2e

    ), Id.Rh. 1401a24.
    e σ. λόγον make up an account, PHib.1.48.15 (iii B.C.).
    II put together constructively, so as to make a whole, πεντηκοντέρους καὶ τριήρεας (as a bridge) Hdt.7.36; λίθους, of builders, Th.4.4, IG42(1).103.59 (Epid., iv B.C.); πλίνθους, ξύλα, X.Mem.3.1.7, etc.;

    τὰ ὄστρακα IG42(1).121.82

     (Epid., iv B.C.);

    τὰ κομισθέντα Sor. 2.64

    ;

    ἐκ τούτων τὰ μέγιστα.. συνθεὶς τοῦτον.. τὸν λόγον ποιήσομαι Hippias Eleus 6

     D.;

    συλλαβάς Pl.Cra. 424e

    .
    2 construct, frame,

    τὸ θνητὸν γένος Pl.Ti. 69d

    ; ὁ συνθείς the creator, ib. 33d:—[voice] Pass., to be constructed, of the material universe, opp. διαλύεσθαι, Arist.Cael. 304b30.
    3 construct or frame a story,

    συνθέντες λόγον Id.Ba. 297

    , cf. Ar.Ra. 1052 (anap.), Pl.Phdr. 260b;

    οἱ τὰς τέχνας τῶν λόγων συντιθέντες Arist.Rh. 1354a12

    ; narrate in writing,

    τὰ Ἑλληνικά Th.1.97

    , cf. 21; compose, σ. μύθους, ποίησιν, μελῳδίαν, ὄρχησιν, Pl.R. 377d, Phdr. 278c, Lg. 812d, 816c;

    αἴνιγμα Id.Ap. 27a

    ;

    ὁ τὴν ἐνθάδε συνθεὶς ἀνατομήν Gal.15.147

    :—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. συντέθειται ib.797;

    περὶ ὀλίγας οἰκίας αἱ.. τραγῳδίαι συντίθενται Arist.Po. 1453a19

    .
    4 Math., of the synthesis of a geometrical problem, opp. ἀναλύω, Id.SE 175a28, Papp.648.13; συντεθήσεται τὸ πρόβλημα οὕτως the synthesis of the problem will proceed thus, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.1, cf. Apollon. Perg.Con.1 Praef., 2.44, al.
    5 frame, devise, contrive, ὁ συνθεὶς τάδε the framer of this plot, S.OT 401, cf. Th.8.68;

    ἐξ ἐπιβουλῆς σ. ταῦτα Antipho 5.25

    ;

    σ. λόγους ψευδεῖς Id.6.9

    ;

    ψευδεῖς αἰτίας D.25.28

    ;

    τὴν κατηγορίαν And.1.6

    , etc.; rarely in good sense,

    εὖ πρᾶγμα συντεθὲν ὄψεσθε D.18.144

    .
    6 put together, take in, comprehend,

    παιδὸς μόρον A.Supp.65

     (lyr.);

    ὄμνυ.. θεῶν συντιθεὶς ἅπαν γένος E.Med. 747

    ;

    πάσας συντιθεὶς ψέγει γυναῖκας Id.Fr. 657

    , cf. Hec. 1184: ἐν βραχεῖ ξυνθεὶς λέγω putting things shortly together, speaking briefly, S.El. 673.
    III commit to a person's care, deliver to him for his own use or that of others, PMich.Zen.2.3,14 (iii B.C.), PCair.Zen.4.23, 6.11,64, 299.9, al. (iii B.C.);

    γνώριζε οὐχ ὑπάρχον παρ' ἡμῖν ἀργύριον τοσοῦτο ὥστε ἱκανὸν συνθεῖναι Πυρρίχῳ PMich.Zen.28.18

    , cf. 32.7, PSI4.392.7, 5.524.3, 6.613.8, 7.862.1, PLille 15.3 (all iii B.C.); τινὶ ὀστᾶ, ἐπιστολάς, πλῆθος χρυσίου, etc., Plb.5.10.4, 8.17.4, 15.25.16, cf. 27.7.1, 28.22.3, IG12(5).590.12 (Ceos, ii B.C.), 11(4).1056.4 (Delos, ii B.C., cf. Jahresh.24.171), OGI345.11 (Delph., i B.C.).
    IV collect, conclude, infer, Plb. 28.17.14, Arr.Ind.34.
    B [voice] Med. συντίθεμαι, used by Hom. only in [tense] aor. 2 and in signf. 1:
    II agree on, conclude (cf. συνθήκη)

    , ἄνδρεσσι κακοῖς συνθέμενοι φιλίην Thgn.306

    ; συντίθεσθαι συμμαχίην, ὁμαιχμίην τισί, Hdt.2.181, 8.140.á;

    τὰς ξυνθήκας ἂς ξυνέθεντο IG12.117.4

    , cf. 116.27, al.;

    εἰρήνην Isoc. 15.109

    ; σ. ναῦλον agree upon the fare, X. An.5.1.12; ταῦτα συνθέμενοι having agreed on these points, Th.3.114, cf. Ar.Lys. 178, Plu.Alc.31;

    ξυνέθεσθε κοινῇ τάδε E.Ba. 807

    , cf. 808; so

    τάπερ τῷ Δαρείῳ συνεθήκατο

     with

    D.

    , Hdt.3.157;

    σ. Ἴωσι ξεινίην Id.1.27

    ;

    μισθόν τινι Pl.Grg. 520c

    ;

    σ. τι πρός τινα Hdt.7.145

    , etc.:—[voice] Pass., τοῦ συντεθέντος χρόνου agreed upon, Pl.Phdr. 254d.
    2 c. inf., covenant, agree to do,

    συνέθευ παρέχειν φωνάν Pi.P.11.41

     (dub. l.);

    σ. ἀλλήλοις μήτ' ἀδικεῖν μήτ' ἀδικεῖσθαι Pl.R. 359a

    , cf. And. 4.18, Arist.Pol. 1257a35: c. inf. [tense] fut.,

    ξυνέθεντο ἥξειν Th.6.65

    ; σ. τινί folld. by inf. [tense] fut.,

    συνθέμενοι ἡμῖν.. ἀντιώσεσθαι Hdt.9.7

    .β, cf. And.1.42: an inf. must be supplied in the phrases, κατὰ (i.e. καθ' ἃ) συνεθήκαντο, καθ' ὅτι ἂν συνθῶνται, etc., Hdt.3.86, Foed. ap. Th.5.18: also

    σ. ὡς.. Hdt.6.84

    ;

    ὡς δεῖ ἕκαστα γίγνεσθαι X.HG5.4.2

    .
    3 abs., make a covenant,

    ἔβαν συνθέμενος Pi.N.4.75

     (constr. uncertain in Alc.Supp.5.11): c. dat., Hdt.6.115, X.An.1.9.7, POxy.1668.12 (iii A.D.);

    αὐτὸς σαυτῷ συνέθου Pl.Cra. 435a

    ; συνθέσθαι πρός τινα come to terms with him, Decr. ap. D.18.187, POxy.908.18 (ii/iii A.D.);

    περί τινος πρὸς ἀλλήλους D.S.1.98

    ; also, bet, wager, Thphr. HP9.17.2, Men.Epit. 288;

    πρός τινας Plu.Alc.8

    .
    4 vote with, support,

    τούτοις Lys.Fr.68

    , cf. Call.Epigr.1.14, D.H.Isoc.18, Paus. 4.15.2;

    τοῖς ἀπὸ Ἡροφίλου Sor.2.53

    ; assent to,

    πᾶσι τοῖς προκειμένοις PFay.34.20

     (ii A.D.);

    ἵνα μὴ δόξω συνθέσθαι τῇ τοῦ πραγματικοῦ ἀγνοίᾳ POxy.78.23

     (iii A.D.).
    5 conclude, infer (cf. A. IV), Stoic.2.63, Phld.Sign.2, al.:—[voice] Pass., τὰ ὕστερον -τεθησόμενα ib.28.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συντίθημι

  • 3 ὑπόστασις

    ὑπόστασις, εως, ἡ (ὑφίστημι; Hippocr.+; Polyb. 4, 50, 10; 6, 55, 2; Diod S 16, 32, 3; 16, 33, 1; M. Ant. 10, 5; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 15:5; 17:24; TestReub 2:7; TestZeb 2:4; Tat.; Ath. 21, 3; Iren. 5, 36, 1 [Harv. II 426, 1]; Hippol., Ref. 10, 17, 2; Did., Gen. 128, 11 in widely different meanings. See Dörrie 4 below.)
    ① the essential or basic structure/nature of an entity, substantial nature, essence, actual being, reality (underlying structure, oft. in contrast to what merely seems to be: Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 4 p. 395a, 29f; Plut., Mor. 894b; Diog. L., Pyrrh. 9, 91; Artem. 3, 14; Ps 38:6; Wsd 16:21; TestReub 2:7; SJCh 78, 30; Philo, Aet. M. 88; 92; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 1; Tat. 6, 2; Ath. 21, 3; cp. the answer of a certain Secundus, who, when asked ‘Quid fides?’, answered: ‘ignotae rei mira certitudo’=a marvelous certainty about someth. otherwise unknown [FPhGr I 516]; s. also Lexicon Sabbaiticum: Lexica Graeca Minora ’65, 53)
    ⓐ of the Son of God as χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ a(n) exact representation of (God’s) real being (i.e. as one who is in charge of the universe) Hb 1:3. Sim. of polytheists’ deities, whose basic reality is someth. material like stone, metal etc. Dg 2:1.
    ⓑ of things: among the meanings that can be authenticated for Hb 11:1 a strong claim can be made for realization (Diod S 1, 3, 2 of the realization of a plan; Cornutus 9 p. 9, 3 of the realization of humanity; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 1 that of the Jewish people, both by a divine act; Tat. 5, 1 of God τοῦ παντὸς ἡ ὑπόστασις): ἔστιν πίστις ἐλπιζομένων ὑπ.=in faith things hoped for become realized, or things hoped for take on (but s. 3 and 4 below) reality. Conversely, ‘without faith things hoped for would have no reality’. HKöster (s. bibliog. 4 below) argues for this sense also in 3:14, but s. 2. Cp. the rendering ‘substance’ (e.g. KJV, REB).
    ② a plan that one devises for action, plan, project, undertaking, endeavor (Diod. Sic 15, 70, 2; 16, 32, 3; 16, 82, 6; 17, 69, 7; Ezk 19:5) ἐν τῇ ὑποστάσει ταύτῃ in connection with this undertaking i.e. the collection for Jerusalem 2 Cor 9:4. The fact that meeting a financial obligation is the main theme (vss. 1–2) might well suggest association of ὑπ. with its use e.g. as a t.t. of expectation of rent due PTebt 61b, 194. To emphasize the importance of steadfast commitment to professed obligation (opp. καρδία πονηρὰ ἀπιστίας ἐν τῷ ἀποστῆναι), the author of Hb 3:14 uses ὑπ. in a way that invites an addressee to draw on the semantic component of obligation familiar in commercial usage of the term (s. PTebt above), an association that is invited by use of μέτοχος, a standard term for a business partner (PHib 109, 3; PCairZen 176, 102 [both III B.C.]), μέχρι τέλους (s.v. τέλος 2bβ), and βέβαιος (s. M-M s.v.). S. Köster 1b above for focus of ὑπ. on ‘reality’.—Satirically, ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ ὑποστάσει τῆς καυχήσεως in this boasting project of mine 2 Cor 11:17.
    ③ The interp. situation, condition (Cicero, Ad Attic. 2, 3, 3 ὑπόστασιν nostram=our situation), also specif. frame of mind (Dio Cass. 49, 9; Themist., Or. 13 p. 178b; Jos., Ant. 18, 24 of determination in desperate circumstances; sim. Polyb. 6, 55, 2) has been suggested for some of the passages cited in 1 and 2 above: 2 Cor 9:4 (explained in a v.l. via the epexegetical gen. καυχήσεως); 11:17; Hb 3:14 (s. Dörrie [bibliog. 4 below], p. 39: the frame of mind described in Hb 3:6). The sense ‘confidence’, ‘assurance’ (based on LXX [Ruth 1:12; Ps 38:8; Ezk 19:5], where it renders תִּקְוָה etc.) favored by Melanchthon and Luther (also Tyndale, NRSV, but not KJV) for Hb 11:1 has enjoyed much favor but must be eliminated, since examples of it cannot be found (s. Dörrie and Köster [4 below]). More prob. for Hb 4:11 is
    ④ guarantee of ownership/entitlement, title deed (Sb 9086 III, 1–11 [104 A.D.]; Spicq III 423 n. 14; cp. M-M s.v.) Hb 11:1 (cp. 2 above for commercial use of ὕπ.).—ASchlatter, Der Glaube im NT4 1927, 614ff; MMathis, The Pauline πίστισ-ὑπόστασις acc. to Hb 11:1, diss. Cath. Univ. of Amer., Washington, D.C. 1920, also Biblica 3, 1922, 79–87; RWitt, Hypostasis: ‘Amicitiae Corolla’ (RHarris Festschr.) ’33, 319–43; MSchumpp, D. Glaubensbegriff des Hb: Divus Thomas 11, ’34, 397–410; FErdin, D. Wort Hypostasis, diss. Freiburg ’39; CArpe, Philologus 94, ’41, 65–78; HDörrie, Ὑπόστασις, Wort-u. Bedeutungsgeschichte: NAWG 1955, no. 3, ZNW 46, ’55, 196–202; HKöster, TW VIII 571–88 (Köster prefers plan, project [Vorhaben] for the passages in 2 Cor, and reality [Wirklichkeit] for all 3 occurrences in Hb, contrasting the reality of God with the transitory character of the visible world). S. also the lit. s.v. πίστις 2a.—DELG s.v. ἵστημι. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὑπόστασις

  • 4 σάρξ

    σάρξ, σαρκός, ἡ (Hom.+; ‘flesh’).
    ① the material that covers the bones of a human or animal body, flesh lit. 1 Cor 15:39abcd; Hv 3, 10, 4; 3, 12, 1. The pl. (which denotes flesh in the mass [Lucian, Dial. Mort. 10, 5], whereas the sing. rather denotes the substance.—Herodas 4, 61; Gen 40:19; 1 Km 17:44; 4 Km 9:36; PsSol 4:19; TestJob 13:5; Philo; Jos., Ant. 12, 211; Just., A I, 26, 7; Mel., P. 52, 383; Ath. 34, 2) Lk 24:39 v.l.; Rv 19:18, 21 (4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010, 16] cannibalism out of hunger, sim. Mel., P. 52, 383; Quint. Smyrn. 11, 245: the σάρκες of the slain are food for the birds) B 10:4; metaph. Rv 17:16. It decays 1 Cl 25:3; cp. Ac 2:31 (cp. 2a below). Normally gives forth an evil odor when burned MPol 15:2. W. bones (s. ὀστέον) 1 Cl 6:3 (Gen 2:23); Lk 24:39; Eph 5:30 v.l. (metaph.). Paul speaks of his illness as a σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί (s. σκόλοψ) 2 Cor 12:7. ἡ ἐν σαρκὶ περιτομή the physical circumcision (cp. Just., D. 10, 1 al.) Ro 2:28; cp. Eph 2:11b; Col 2:13 (ἀκροβυστία 2); Gal 6:13 (ἡ σάρξ=the flesh that is circumcised); B 9:4. Metaph.: the corrosion on the precious metals of the rich φάγεται τὰς σάρκας ὑμῶν ὡς πῦρ Js 5:3.—Ign. describes the elements of the Eucharist as σὰρξ (or αἷμα) Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IRo 7:3; IPhld 4; ISm 7:1. Also J 6:51–56 urges that one must eat the flesh (and drink the blood) of the Human One or Son of Man (Just., A I, 66, 2; s. TPhilips, Die Verheissung der hl. Eucharistie nach Joh. 1922; Bultmann ad loc.; AWikenhauser ’48, 105f).—His anti-Docetic position also leads Ign. to use the concept ‘flesh (and blood) of Christ’ in other contexts as well ITr 8:1; IPhld 5:1.—For Mt 16:17; Gal 1:16; Eph 6:12; and 1 Cor 15:50 s. 3a.
    ② the physical body as functioning entity, body, physical body
    ⓐ as substance and living entity (Aeschyl., Sept. 622: opp. νοῦς; Ex 30:32; 4 Km 6:30; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 6 [Stone p. 54] πάντα τὰ μέλη τῆς σαρκός μου; w. καρδία or ψυχή Alex. Aphr., An. p. 98, 7–10 Br.; Ps 37:8; 62:2; Eccl 2:3; Ezk 11:19; 44:7 a1.; Jos., Bell. 6, 47, Ant. 19, 325; Ar.15, 7) οὔτε ἡ σὰρξ αὐτοῦ εἶδεν διαφθοράν Ac 2:31 (but s. 1). W. ψυχή 1 Cl 49:6 (Tat. 13:2 al.). W. καρδία Ac 2:26 (Ps 15:9).—Eph 5:29. ἑόρακαν τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐν σαρκί they have seen me face to face Col 2:1. ἕως ἂν τὸν χριστὸν ἐν σαρκὶ ἴδῃ before he had seen the Messiah in person GJs 24:4 (cp. Lk 2:26). Opp. πνεῦμα (Ath. 31:3; PGM 5, 460 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε τὸν κτίσαντα πᾶσαν σάρκα κ. πᾶν πνεῦμα) 1 Cor 5:5; 2 Cor 7:1; Col 2:5; 1 Pt 4:6; Hm 3:1; 10, 2, 6; cp. AcPl Ant 13:17 (=Aa, I 237, 2; s. οἶδα); also in relation to Christ (though this is disputed) J 6:63; Hs 5, 6, 5–7; cp. 1 Ti 3:16.—ἀσθένεια τῆς σαρκός bodily ailment Gal 4:13; s. vs. 14. ἀσθενὴς τῇ σαρκί weak in the body Hs 9, 1, 2. ὁ ἀλγῶν σάρκα the one who is ill in body B 8:6. πάσχειν σαρκί 1 Pt 4:1b. Cp. 2 Cor 7:5. ἡ τῆς σαρκὸς καθαρότης the purity of the body Hb 9:13 (opp. καθαρίζειν τὴν συνείδησιν vs. 14). σαρκὸς ἀπόθεσις ῥύπου 1 Pt 3:21 (s. ῥύπος 1). The σάρξ is raised fr. the dead (s. ParJer 6:9; Theoph. Ant. 1, 7 [74, 2]) 1 Cl 26:3; 2 Cl 9:1. ἀνάστασις σαρκός AcPlCor 1:12; 2:24 (σαρκὸς ἀνάστασιν Just., D. 80, 5); cp. ἀναστήσεσθε ἔχοντες ὑγιῆ τὴν σάρκα AcPlCor 2:32. Of the body of Christ during his earthly ministry Eph 2:14 (JHart, The Enmity in His Flesh: Exp. 6th ser., 3, 1901, 135–41); Hb 10:20; 1 Pt 3:18; 4:1a; 1J 4:2; 2J 7; B 5:1, 10f; 6:7, 9; 7:5; 12:10; IEph 7:2; Pol 7:1; AcPlCor 2:6b. Married couples form μία σάρξ (Gen 2:24; s. Ath. 33, 2 τὴν σάρκα πρὸς σάρκα … κοινωνίαν.—GAicher, Mann u. Weib ein Fleisch: BZ 5, 1907, 159–65) Mt 19:5f; Mk 10:8ab; 1 Cor 6:16; Eph 5:31 (on these passages, TBurkill, ZNW 62, ’71, 115–20). δικαιώματα σαρκός behind ‘all sorts of ceremonial washings’ there are regulations that concern the physical body Hb 9:10.—On ὑποτάγητε τῷ ἐπισκόπῳ ὡς ὁ Χριστὸς τῷ πατρὶ κατὰ σάρκα IMg 13:2 s. Hdb. ad loc. and MRackl, Die Christologie des hl. Ignatius v. Ant. 1914, 228.—πνεῦμα δυνάμεως … ὁ θεὸς … κατέπεμψεν εἰς σάρκα τουτέστιν εἰς τὴν Μαρίαν God sent a powerful spirit (prob. a ref. to the kind of divine breath that brought the first human being to life [Gen 2:7]) into flesh, that is, into Mary AcPl Ha 8, 26=BMM recto 34; s. AcPlCor 1:14.
    ⓑ as someth. with physical limitations, life here on earth (ApcEsdr 4:4 p. 28, 3 Tdf. σάρκα ἀνθρωπίνην φορῶ) θλῖψιν τῇ σαρκὶ ἕξουσιν 1 Cor 7:28. Cp. 2 Cor 4:11; Col 1:24. Of Christ τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ his body with its physical limitations Col 1:22; cp. 2:11 and s. cα below (cp. En 102:5 τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν; 1QpHab 9:2; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 29, 25).—Of human life: ἀποδημεῖν τῆς σαρκός MPol 2:2 (s. ἀποδημέω). ἐπιμένειν ἐν τῇ σαρκί Phil 1:24. ζῆν ἐν σαρκί vs. 22; Gal 2:20. ἐν ς. περιπατεῖν 2 Cor 10:3a. ἐν ς. τυγχάνειν Dg 5:8a. ὄντος ἔτι ἐν ς. σου AcPlCor 1:6. τὸν ἐπίλοιπον ἐν ς. χρόνον 1 Pt 4:2. ἡ ἐπιδημία τῆς σαρκὸς ταύτης our sojourn in life 2 Cl 5:5. ἐν τῇ σαρκί in our earthly life 8:2.
    ⓒ as instrument of various actions or expressions.
    α. In Paul’s thought esp., all parts of the body constitute a totality known as ς. or flesh, which is dominated by sin to such a degree that wherever flesh is, all forms of sin are likew. present, and no good thing can live in the σάρξ Ro 7:18 (cp. Philo, Gig. 29 αἴτιον δὲ τῆς ἀνεπιστημοσύνης μέγιστον ἡ σὰρξ καὶ ἡ πρὸς σάρκα οἰκείωσις; Sextus 317 ἀγαθὸν ἐν σαρκὶ μὴ ἐπιζήτει. The OT lays no stress on a necessary relationship betw. flesh as a substance, and sin. But for Epicurus the σάρξ is the bearer of sinful feelings and desires as well as the means of sensual enjoyment: Ep. in Plut., Mor. 135c; 1087bf; 1089e; 1096c αἱ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐπιθυμίαι. Also Diog. L. 10, 145. Likew. Plut. himself: Mor. 101b ταῖς τῆς σαρκὸς ἡδοναῖς; 672e; 688d; 734a; Ps.-Plut., Mor. 107f σαρκὶ καὶ τοῖς πάθεσι ταύτης; Maximus Tyr. 33, 7a. Cp. 4 Macc 7:18 τὰ τῆς σαρκὸς πάθη; Philo, Deus Imm. 143 σαρκὸς ἡδονή, Gig. 29; TestJud 19:4; TestZeb 9:7; ApcMos 25 [p. 14, 2 Tdf.] εἰς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τῆς σαρκός); Ro 6:19; 7:25 (opp. νοῦς); 8:3a, 4–9 (cp. Persius 2, 63 scelerata pulpa, which contaminates devotion to deity), 12f; Gal 5:13, 24; Col 2:23; Jd 23; AcPlCor 2:11, 15; Dg 6:5 (opp. ψυχή, as Plut., Mor. 101b). Opp. τὸ πνεῦμα Ro 8:4, 5, 6, 9, 13; Gal 3:3; 5:16, 17ab; 6:8ab; J 3:6; B 10:9. τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 2, 25, 8) Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38; Pol 7:2. σὰρξ ἁμαρτίας sinful flesh Ro 8:3b. ἐπιθυμία (τῆς) σαρκός (cp. Maximus Tyr. 20, 9f σαρκῶν … ἐπιθυμίας) Gal 5:16; 1J 2:16; B 10:9. Pl. Eph 2:3a, cp. b; 2 Pt 2:18; cp. Ro 13:14. τὰ ἔργα τῆς σαρκός Gal 5:19 (s. Vögtle at πλεονεξία). τὰ θελήματα τῆς σαρκός Eph 2:3b. ὁ νοῦς τῆς σαρκός Col 2:18. τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκός the body of (sinful) flesh 2:11; cp. 1:22 and s. b above (cp. Sir 23:17 σῶμα σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ; En 102:5 τῷ σώματι τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν). τὰ τῆς σαρκός what pertains to (sinful) flesh Ro 8:5b. ἐν (τῇ) σαρκὶ εἶναι be in an unregenerate (and sinful) state Ro 7:5; 8:8f. τὰ ἔθνη ἐν σαρκί Eph 2:11a. κατὰ σάρκα εἶναι Ro 8:5a; ζῆν vs. 12b; 13; Dg 5:8b; περιπατεῖν Ro 8:4; 2 Cor 10:2; βουλεύεσθαι 1:17; στρατεύεσθαι 10:3b; cp. IRo 8:3 (opp. κατὰ γνώμην θεοῦ).
    β. source of the sexual urge. The σάρξ is the source of the sexual urge, without any suggestion of sinfulness connected w. it ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς ἐγεννήθησαν J 1:13.
    ⓓ as someth. attractive 2 Pt 2:10 (a Hebraism, cp. Judg 2:12; 3 Km 11:10; Sir 46:10). S. also 3b.
    ③ one who is or becomes a physical being, living being with flesh
    ⓐ of humans person, human being: πᾶσα σάρξ every person, everyone (LXX; TestAbr B 7 p. 112, 3 [Stone p. 72]; GrBar 4:10; ApcEsdr 7:7; ApcMos 13 [p. 7, 1 Tdf.]; Mel., P. 55, 400: for כָּל-בָּשָׂר; s. πᾶς 1aα) Lk 3:6 (Is 40:5); J 17:2; Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1); 1 Pt 1:24 (Is 40:6); 1 Cl 59:3; 64; 2 Cl 7:6; 17:5 (the last two Is 66:24); AcPlCor 2:6a. οὐ πᾶσα σάρξ no person, nobody (En 14:21 end.—W-S. §26, 10a; B-D-F §275, 4; 302, 1; Rob. 752) Mt 24:22; Mk 13:20; Ro 3:20 (cp. Ps 142:2 πᾶς ζῶν); 1 Cor 1:29 (μή); Gal 2:16.—Though ς. in the foll. passages refers to body in its physical aspect, it cannot be divorced from its conjunction with αἷμα, and the unit σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα (cp. Sir 17:31; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 26 [Stone p. 82]; Philo, Quis Div. Rer. Her. 57; Just., D. 135, 6) refers to a human being in contrast to God and other transcendent beings Mt 16:17; Gal 1:16; Eph 6:12 (here vice versa, αἷ. καὶ ς.). τὰ παιδία κεκοινώνηκεν αἵματος καὶ σαρκός the children share mortal nature Hb 2:14, but with suggestion of its frailty, as indicated by the context with its ref. to death. Because they are the opposites of the divine nature σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα βασιλείαν θεοῦ κληρονομῆσαι οὐ δύναται 1 Cor 15:50 (JJeremias, NTS 2, ’56, 151–59). For Jd 7 s. b next. Cp. AcPl Ant 13, 17 (=Aa I 237, 2) σαρκί personally (s. οἶδα 2).
    ⓑ of transcendent entities ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο J 1:14 (RSeeberg, Festgabe AvHarnack dargebracht 1921, 263–81.—Artem. 2, 35 p. 132, 27 ἐὰν σάρκινοι οἱ θεοὶ φαίνωνται; Synes., Dio 6 p. 45b).—Of flesh other than human: ὀπίσω σαρκὸς ἑτέρας after another kind of flesh (cp. Judg 2:12 ὀπίσω θεῶν ἑτέρων) i.e. of divine messengers who take on ς. when they appear to humans (so Windisch et al.; difft. Frame et al. of same-sex activity) Jd 7.
    ④ human/ancestral connection, human/mortal nature, earthly descent (Did., Gen. 144, 25) Ἀβραὰμ τὸν προπάτορα ἡμῶν κατὰ σάρκα Ro 4:1 (Just., D. 43, 7 al.). οἱ συγγενεῖς μου κατὰ σάρκα 9:3. τοὺς τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν πατέρας Hb 12:9. τὸν Ἰσραὴλ κατὰ σάρκα the earthly Israel 1 Cor 10:18 (opp. τὸν Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ Gal 6:16). Of natural descent τὰ τέκνα τῆς σαρκός children by natural descent Ro 9:8 (opp. τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐπαγγελίας). ὁ μὲν ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης κατὰ σάρκα γεγέννηται Gal 4:23; cp. vs. 29. μου τὴν σάρκα my compatriots Ro 11:14 (s. Gen 37:27).—Of Christ’s physical nature Ro 8:3c; Hb 5:7. Christ is descended fr. the patriarchs and fr. David (τὸ) κατὰ σάρκα according to the human side of his nature, as far as his physical descent is concerned Ro 1:3 (JDunn, Jesus: Flesh and Spirit [Ro 1:3f], JTS 24, ’73, 40–68); 9:5; 1 Cl 32:2; IEph 20:2. The context of 2 Cor 11:18 includes ancestry as a reason for boasting, but ς. in this pass. applies as well to other aspects of Paul’s career and therefore belongs more properly in 5.
    ⑤ the outward side of life as determined by normal perspectives or standards, a transf. sense of 1 and 2. Usually w. κατά indicating norm or standard σοφοὶ κατὰ σάρκα wise (people) according to human standards 1 Cor 1:26. καυχᾶσθαι κατὰ (τὴν) σάρκα boast of one’s outward circumstances, i.e. descent, manner of life, etc. (cp. 11:22) 2 Cor 11:18. κατὰ σάρκα Χριστόν Christ (the Messiah) from a human point of view or as far as externals are concerned 5:16b, cp. a (κατά B5bβ and 7a; also VWeber, BZ 2, 1904, 178–88; HWindisch, exc. ad loc.; Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3, 374–76; FPorter, Does Paul Claim to Have Known the Historical Jesus [2 Cor 5:16]?: JBL 47, 1928, 257–75; RMoxon, CQR 108, 1929, 320–28). οἱ κατὰ σάρκα κύριοι those who, according to human standards, are masters Eph 6:5; Col 3:22. ὑμεῖς κατὰ τὴν ς. κρίνετε you judge by outward things, by externals J 8:15. Of the route taken in one’s earthly life ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ κατὰ σάρκα IRo 9:3.—ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθέναι place one’s trust in earthly things or physical advantages Phil 3:3f. εὐπροσωπῆσαι ἐν σαρκί Gal 6:12. Onesimus is a beloved brother to Philemon καὶ ἐν σαρκὶ καὶ ἐν κυρίῳ both as a human being (=personally, in the external relationship betw. master and slave) and as a Christian Phlm 16. ὑμῶν δὲ ἐν σαρκὶ ἐπισκόπῳ IEph 1:3 (cp. IMg 3:2).—HWindisch, Taufe u. Sünde 1908; EBurton, ICC Gal. 1920, 492–95; WSchauf, Sarx 1924; WBieder, Auferstehung des Fleisches od. des Leibes?: TZ 1, ’45, 105–20. W. special ref. to Paul: Ltzm., Hdb. exc. on Ro 7:14 and 8:11; Lohmeyer (ἁμαρτία 3a); EKäsemann, Leib u. Leib Christi ’33; RGrant, ATR 22, ’40, 199–203; RBultmann, Theologie des NTs ’48, 228–49 (Engl. tr. by KGrobel, ’51 I, 227–59); LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics ’47, 267–70; E Schweizer, Die hellenist. Komponente im NT sarx-Begriff: ZNW 48, ’57, 237–53; two in KStendahl, The Scrolls and the NT, ’57: KKuhn, 94–113 and WDavies, 157–82; JPryke, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Flesh’ in Qumran and NT: RevQ 5, ’65, 346–60; DLys, La chair dans l’AT ’67; ASand, D. Begriff ‘Fleisch’ ’67 (Paul); RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms ’71, 49–166. On Ign.: CRichardson, The Christianity of Ign. of Ant. ’35, esp. 49 and 61. S. also the lit. s.v. πνεῦμα, end.—B. 202. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > σάρξ

  • 5 διά

    διά, poet. [full] διαί ([dialect] Aeol. [full] ζά, q.v.), Prep. governing gen. and acc.— Rad. sense,
    A through; never anastroph. [Prop. δῐᾰ: but Hom. uses [pron. full] ῑ at the beginning of a line, Il.3.357, 4.135, al.: also ᾱ, metri gr., freq. in Hom., for which A. uses [full] διαί in lyr., Ag. 448, al.]
    A WITH GEN.
    I of Place or Space:
    1 of motion in a line, from one end to the other, right through, in Hom. freq. of the effect of weapons,

    διὰ μὲν ἀσπίδος ἦλθε.. ἔγχος καὶ διὰ θώρηκος.. Il. 3.357

    ;

    δουρὶ βάλεν Δάμασον κυνέης διά 12.183

    ;

    δι' ὤμου.. ἔγχος ἦλθεν 4.481

    ; in Prose,

    τιτρώσκειν διὰ τοῦ θώρακος X.An.1.8.26

    ; διὰ τοῦ ὀρόφου ἐφαίνετο πῦρ ib.7.4.16: also of persons, διὰ Σκαιῶν πεδίονδ' ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους out through the Scaean gate, Il.3.263; δι' ἠέρος αἰθέρ' ἵκανεν quite through the lower air even to the ether, Il.14.288, cf. 2.458; διὰ Τρώων πέτετο straight through them, 13.755;

    δι' ὄμματος.. λείβων δάκρυον S.OC 1250

    , etc.: also in Compos. with πρό and ἐκ, v. διαπρό, διέκ: in adverbial phrases, διὰ πασῶν (sc. χορδῶν), v. διαπασῶν:

    διὰ πάσης

     throughout,

    Th.1.14

    ;

    διὰ κενῆς

     idly,

    Id.4.126

    , etc. (cf.111.1.c).
    2 of motion through a space, but not in a line, throughout, ouer,

    ἑπόμεσθα διὰ πεδίοιο Il.11.754

    ;

    δι' ὄρεσφι 10.185

    , al.; ὀδύνη διὰ χροὸς ἦλθε through all his frame, 11.398;

    τεῦχε βοὴν διὰ ἄστεος Od.10.118

    ;

    δι' ὁμίλου Il.6.226

    , etc.;

    θορύβου διὰ τῶν τάξεων ἰόντος X.An.1.8.16

    , cf. 2.4.26, etc.; later, in quoting an authority,

    ἱστορεῖ δ. τῆς δευτέρας

     in the course of..,

    Ath.10.438b

    .
    3 in the midst of, Il.9.468;

    κεῖτο τανυσσάμενος δ. μήλων Od.9.298

    ; between,

    δ. τῶν πλευρέων ταμόντα Hp.Morb.2.61

    : hence, of pre-eminence,

    ἔπρεπε καὶ δ. πάντων Il.12.104

    ;

    τετίμακε δι' ἀνθρώπων Pi.I.4(3).37

    ;

    εὐδοκιμέοντι δ. πάντων Hdt.6.63

    , cf. 1.25, etc.
    4 in Prose, sts. of extension, along,

    παρήκει δ. τῆσδε τῆς θαλάσσης ἡ ἀκτή Id.4.39

     (but πέταται δ. θαλάσσας across the sea, Pi.N.6.48);

    λόφος, δι' οὗ τὸ σταύρωμα περιεβέβληντο X.HG7.4.22

    .
    5 in Prose, of Intervals of Space, δ. τριήκοντα δόμων at intervals of thirty layers, i. e. after every thirtieth layer, Hdt.1.179; δ. δέκα ἐπάλξεων at every tenth battlement, Th.3.21; cf. infr. 11.3: of a single interval, δ. πέντε σταδίων at a distance of five stades, Hdt.7.30, cf. 198; δ. τοσούτου μᾶλλον ἢ δ. πολλῶν ἡμερῶν ὁδοῦ at so short a distance, etc., Th.2.29; δ. πολλοῦ at a great distance apart, Id.3.94;

    δ. πλείστου Id.2.97

    ;

    δι' ἐλάσσονος Id.3.51

    ;

    ὕδατα δ. μακροῦ ἀλόμενα Hp.

    Aër.9, etc.
    II of Time,
    1 of duration from one end of a period to the other, throughout, δ. παντὸς [τοῦ χρόνου] Hdt.9.13;

    δι' ὅλου τοῦ αἰῶνος Th.1.70

    ;

    δι' αἰῶνος S.El. 1024

    ;

    δι' ἡμέρας ὅλης Ar. Pax 27

    ;

    δι' ὅλης τῆς νυκτός X.An.4.2.4

    , etc.: without an Adj., δι' ἡμέρης all day long, Hdt.1.97;

    δ. νυκτός Th.2.4

    , X.An.4.6.22 (but δ. νυκτός in the course of the night, by night, Act.Ap.5.19, PRyl.138.15 (i A. D.), etc.);

    δ. νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας Pl.R. 343b

    ; δι' ἐνιαυτοῦ, δι' ἔτους, Ar.Fr.569.8, V. 1058;

    δ. βίου Pl.Smp. 183e

    , etc.;

    δ. τέλους

     from beginning to end,

    A.Pr. 275

    , Pl.R. 519c, etc.: with Adjs. alone,

    δ. παντός

     continually,

    A.Ch. 862

     (lyr.), etc.; δι' ὀλίγου for a short time, Th.1.77;

    δ. μακροῦ E.Hec. 320

    ;

    ὁ δ. μέσου χρόνος Hdt. 8.27

    .
    2 of the interval which has passed between two points of Time, δ. χρόνου πολλοῦ or δ. πολλοῦ χρ. after a long time, Id.3.27, Ar.Pl. 1045;

    δ. μακρῶν χρόνων Pl.Ti. 22d

    : without an Adj., δ. χρόνου after a time, S.Ph. 758, X.Cyr.1.4.28, etc.; δι' ἡμερῶν after several days, Ev.Marc.2.1; and with Adjs. alone,

    δι' ὀλίγου Th.5.14

    ;

    οὐ δ. μακροῦ Id.6.15

    ,91;

    δ. πολλοῦ Luc.Nigr.2

    , etc.: with Numerals,

    δι' ἐτέων εἴκοσι Hdt.6.118

    , cf. OGI56.38 (iii B. C.), etc.: but δ. τῆς ἑβδόμης till the seventh day, Luc.Hist.Conscr.21: also distributively, χρόνος δ. χρόνου προὔβαινε time after time, S.Ph. 285;

    ἄλλος δι' ἄλλου E.Andr. 1248

    .
    3 of successive Intervals, δ. τρίτης ἡμέρης every other day, Hdt.2.37; δ. τρίτου ἔτεος ib.4, etc.; δ. πεντετηρίδος every four years (with inclusive reckoning), Id.3.97; δι' ἔτους πέμπτου, of the Olympic games, Ar.Pl. 584 (but δι' ἑνδεκάτου ἔτεος in the course of the eleventh year, Hdt.1.62).
    III causal, through, by,
    a of the Agent, δι' ἀλλέλων or -ου ἐπικηρυκεύεσθαι, ποιεῖσθαι, by the mouth of.., Id.1.69,6.4, cf. 1.113;

    δι' ἑρμηνέως λέγειν X.An.2.3.17

    , etc.;

    τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ Κυρίου δ. τοῦ προφήτου Ev.Matt.1.22

    ;

    δι' ἑκόντων ἀλλ' οὐ δ. βίας ποιεῖσθαι Pl.Phlb. 58b

    ; πεσόντ' ἀλλοτρίας διαὶ γυναικός by her doing, A.Ag. 448 (lyr.);

    ἐκ θεῶν γεγονὼς δ. βασιλέων πεφυκώς X.Cyr.7.2.24

    ; δι' ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖν τι of oneself, not by another's agency, ib.1.1.4, etc.; but also, by oneself alone, unassisted, D.15.14, cf. 22.38.
    b of the Instrument or Means, δ. χειρῶν by hand (prop. by holding between the hands),

    δι' ὁσίων χ. θιγών S. OC 470

    ; also δ. χερῶν λαβεῖν, δ. χειρὸς ἔχειν in the hand, Id.Ant. 916, 1258 (but τὰ τῶν ξυμμάχων δ. χειρὸς ἔχειν to keep a firm hand on, Th.2.13);

    δ. στέρνων ἔχειν S.Ant. 639

    ;

    ἡ ἀκούουσα πηγὴ δι' ὤτων Id.OT 1387

    ;

    δ. στόματος ἔχειν X.Cyr.1.4.25

    ;

    δ. μνήμης ἔχειν Luc.Cat.9

    ;

    αἱ δ. τοῦ σώματος ἡδοναί X.Mem.1.5.6

    ; δ. λόγων συγγίγνεσθαι to hold intercourse by word, Pl.Plt. 272b;

    δ. λόγου ἀπαγγέλλειν Act.Ap.15.27

    ;

    δι' ἐπιστολῶν 2 Ep.Cor.10.9

    , POxy. 1070.15 (iii A. D.).
    c of Manner (where διά with its Noun freq. serves as an Adv.),

    δ. μέθης ποιήσασθαι τὴν συνουσίαν Pl.Smp. 176e

    ; παίω δι' ὀργῆς through passion, in passion, S.OT 807; δ. τάχους, = ταχέως, Id.Aj. 822, Th.1.63 (but δ. ταχέων ib.80, al.); δ. σπουδῆς in haste, hastily, E.Ba. 212; δι' αἰδοῦς with reverence, respectfully, ib. 441; δ. ψευδῶν ἔπη lying words, Id.Hel. 309; αἱ δ. καρτερίας ἐπιμέλειαι long-continued exertions, X.Mem.2.1.20; δι' ἀκριβείας, δ. πάσης ἀκρ., Pl.Ti. 23d, Lg. 876c;

    δ. σιγῆς Id.Grg. 450c

    ;

    δ. ξυμφορῶν ἡ ξύμβασις ἐγένετο Th.6.10

    ;

    οὐ δι' αἰνιγμάτων, ἀλλ' ἐναργῶς γέγραπται Aeschin.3.121

    ;

    δι' αἵματος, οὐ δ. μέλανος τοὺς νόμους ὁ Δράκων ἔγραψεν Plu.Sol.17

    : also with Adjs., δ. βραχέων, δ. μακρῶν τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖσθαι, Isoc.14.3, Pl.Grg. 449b; ἀποκρίνεσθαι δ. βραχυτάτων ibid. d; cf. infr. IV.
    2 in later Prose, of Material out of which a thing is made,

    κατασκευάζειν εἴδωλα δι' ἐλέφαντος καὶ χρυσοῦ D.S.17.115

    ;

    θυσίαι δι' ἀλφίτου καὶ σπονδῆς πεποιημέναι Plu.Num.8

    ;

    βρώματα δ. μέλιτος καὶ γάλακτος γιγνόμενα Ath.14.646e

    ;

    οἶνος δ. βουνίου Dsc. 5.46

    .
    IV διά τινος ἔχειν, εἶναι, γίγνεσθαι, to express conditions or states, ἀγὼν διὰ πάσης ἀγωνίης ἔχων extending through every kind of contest, Hdt.2.91;

    δι' ἡσυχίης εἶναι Id.1.206

    ; δι' ὄχλου εἶναι to be troublesome, Ar.Ec. 888;

    δ. φόβου εἶναι Th.6.59

    ;

    δι' ἀπεχθείας γίγνεσθαι X.Hier.9.2

    ; ἡ ἐπιμέλεια δ. χάριτος γίγνεται ibid.;

    δ. μιᾶς γνώμης γίγνεσθαι Isoc.4.138

    .
    b with Verbs of motion, δ. μάχης ἐλεύσονται will engage in battle, Hdt.6.9;

    ἐλθεῖν Th.4.92

    ; δ. παντὸς πολέμου, δ. φιλίας ἰέναι τινί, X.An.3.2.8; δ. δίκης ἰέναι τινί go to law with.., S.Ant. 742, cf. Th.6.60;

    δ. τύχης ἰέναι S.OT 773

    ;

    δι' ὀργῆς ἥκειν Id.OC 905

    ; ἐμαυτῷ δ. λόγων ἀφικόμην I held converse with myself, E.Med. 872; δ. λόγων, δ. γλώσσης ἰέναι come to open speech, Id.Tr. 916, Supp. 112; δ. φιλημάτων ἰέναι come to kissing, Id.Andr. 416;

    δ. δικαιοσύνης ἰέναι καὶ σωφροσύνης Pl.Prt. 323a

    , etc.; δ. πυρὸς ἰέναι (v. πῦρ): in pass. sense, δι' ἀπεχθείας ἐλθεῖν τινι to be hated by.., A.Pr. 121 (anap.).
    c with trans. Verbs, δι' αἰτίας ἔχειν or ἄγειν τινά hold in fault, Th.2.60, Ael.VH9.32;

    δι' ὀργῆς ἔχειν τινά Th.2.37

    , etc.;

    δ. φυλακῆς ἔχειν τι Id.7.8

    ; δι' οἴκτου ἔχειν τινά, δι' αἰσχύνης ἔχειν τι, E.Hec. 851, IT 683;

    δ. πένθους τὸ γῆρας διάγειν X.Cyr.4.6.6

    ;

    δι' οὐδενὸς ποιεῖσθαί τι S.OC 584

    .
    B WITH Acc.
    I of Place, only Poet., in same sense as διά c. gen.:
    1 through,

    ἓξ δὲ δ. πτύχας ἦλθε.. χαλκός Il.7.247

    ;

    ἤϊξε δ. δρυμὰ.. καὶ ὕλην 11.118

    , cf. 23.122, etc.; δ. τάφρον ἐλαύνειν across it, 12.62;

    δ. δώματα ποιπνύοντα 1.600

    ;

    ἐπὶ χθόνα καὶ δ. πόντον βέβακεν Pi.I.4(3).41

    ;

    φεύγειν δ. κῦμ' ἅλιον A.Supp.14

     (anap.).
    2 through, among, in,

    οἴκεον δι' ἄκριας Od.9.400

    ;

    ἄραβος δὲ δ. στόμα γίγνετ' ὀδόντων Il.10.375

     (but μῦθον, ὃν.. δ. στόμα.. ἄγοιτο through his mouth, 14.91; so

    δ. στόμα ὄσσαν ἱεῖσαι Hes.Th.65

    ;

    ἀεὶ γὰρ ἡ γυνή σ' ἔχει δ. στόμα Ar.Lys. 855

    );

    δ. κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας Hes.Th. 631

    ;

    νόμοι δι' αἰθέρα τεκνωθέντες S.OT 867

     (lyr.).
    II of Time, also Poet.,

    δ. νύκτα Il.2.57

    , etc.; δ. γλυκὺν ὕπνον during sweet sleep, Mosch.4.91.
    III causal:
    1 of persons, thanks to, by aid of,

    νικῆσαι δ... Ἀθήνην Od.8.520

    , cf. 13.121;

    δ. δμῳὰς.. εἷλον 19.154

    ; δ. σε by thy fault or service, S.OC 1129, Ar.Pl. 145, cf. 160, 170: in Prose, by reason of, on account of,

    δ' ἡμᾶς Th.1.41

    , cf. X.An.7.6.33, D.18.249;

    οὐ δι' ἐμαυτόν And.1.144

    ; so εἰ μὴ διά τινα if it had not been for..,

    εἰ μὴ δι' ἄνδρας ἀγαθούς Lys.12.60

    ;

    Μιλτιάδην εἰς τὸ βάραθρον ἐμβαλεῖν ἐψηφίσαντο, καὶ εἰ μὴ δ. τὸν πρύτανιν ἐνέπεσεν ἄν Pl.Grg. 516e

    , cf. D.19.74;

    εἰ μὴ δ. τὴν ἐκείνου μέλλησιν Th.2.18

    , cf. Ar.V. 558;

    πλέον' ἔλπομαι λόγον Ὀδυσσέος ἢ πάθαν γενέσθαι δι' Ὅμηρον Pi.N.7.21

    .
    2 of things, to express the Cause, Occasion, or Purpose, δι' ἐμὴν ἰότητα because of my will, Il.15.41;

    Διὸς μεγάλου δ. βουλάς Od.8.82

    ; δι' ἀφραδίας for, through want of thought, 19.523;

    δι' ἀτασθαλίας 23.67

    ; δι' ἔνδειαν by reason of poverty, X. An.7.8.6; δ. καῦμα, δ. χειμῶνα, ib.1.7.6;

    δι' ἄγνοιαν καὶ ἀμαθίαν Pl. Prt. 360b

    , etc.: freq. also with neut. Adjs., δ. τί; wherefore?; δ. τοῦτο, δ. ταῦτα on this account; δι' ὅ, δι' ἅ on which account; δ. πολλά for many reasons, etc.
    3 = ἕνεκα, to express Purpose, δἰ ἀχθηδόνα for the sake of vexing, Th.4.40, cf. 5.53; δ. τὴν τούτου σαφήνειαν with a view to clearing this up, Pl.R. 524c, cf. Arist.EN 1172b21; αὐτή δι' αὑτήν for its own sake, Pl.R. 367b, etc.
    C WITHOUT CASE as Adv. throughout, δ. πρό (v. supr. A.I.I);

    δ. δ' ἀμπερές Il.11.377

    .
    I through, right through, of Space, διαβαίνω, διέχω, διιππεύω.
    II in different directions, as in διαπέμπω, διαφορέω; of separation, asunder, διαιρέω, διαλύω; of difference or disagreement, at variance, διαφωνέω, διαφέρω; or simply mutual relation, one with another, διαγωνίζομαι, διάδω, διαθέω, διαπίνω, διαφιλοτιμέομαι.
    III pre-eminence, διαπρέπω, διαφέρω.
    IV completion, to the end, utterly, διεργάζομαι, διαμάχομαι, διαπράττω, διαφθείρω: of Time, διαβιόω.
    V to add strength, thoroughly, out and out, διαγαληνίζω, etc.; cf. ζά.
    VI of mixture, between, partly, esp. in Adj., as διάλευκος, διάχρυσος, διάχλωρος, etc.
    VII of leaving an interval or breach, διαλείπω, διαναπαύω. (Cogn. with δύο, δίς.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διά

  • 6 σκεῦος

    σκεῦος, ους, τό (Aristoph., Thu.+)
    ① a material object used to meet some need in an occupation or other responsibility, gener. thing, object used for any purpose at all (e.g. a table: Diod S 17, 66, 5) Mk 11:16 (PCasey, CBQ 59, ’97, 306–32). σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον or ἐκ ξύλου Rv 18:12ab. Pl. (Diod S 13, 12, 6) Dg 2:2–4. Of all one has (Jos., Vi. 68; 69) τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ his property Lk 17:31.—Mt 12:29; Mk 3:27 (both in allusion to Is 49:24f).—By an added statement or via the context σκ. can become an object of a certain specific kind: τὰ σκεύη τῆς λειτουργίας the equipment used in cultic service Hb 9:21 (ParJer 3:9; 11:18; cp. Jos., Bell. 6, 389 τὰ πρὸς τὰς ἱερουργίας σκεύη). Also τὰ ἅγια σκεύη Ox 840, 14; 21; 29f (Jos., Bell. 2, 321; cp. Plut., Mor. 812b σκεῦος ἱερόν; Philo, Mos. 2, 94; Just., D. 52, 3 σκεύη ἱερά). τὸ σκεῦος Ac 27:17 seems to be the kedge or driving-anchor (Breusing 17ff; Blass and Haenchen ad loc.; Voigt [s. σκευή]. Differently HBalmer, Die Romfahrt des Ap. Pls 1905, 355ff. See FBrannigan, TGl 25, ’33, 182–84; PEdg 6 [=Sb 6712], 10 [258 B.C.] ἄνευ τῶν ἀναγκαίων σκευῶν πλεῖν τὰ πλοῖα. Pl. also X., Oec. 8, 11f; ; TestJob 18:7 and elsewh. of ship’s gear; Arrian, Peripl. 5, 2 τὰ σκεύη τὰ ναυτικά. Eng. tr. have ‘gear’, ‘sails’). Ac 10:11, 16; 11:5 represent a transitional stage on the way to 2.
    ② a container of any kind, vessel, jar, dish, etc. (Aristoph., Thesm. 402; X., Mem. 1, 7, 5; Aelian, VH 12, 8; Herodian 6, 7, 7; LXX; Jos., Bell. 7, 106; 8, 89; PsSol 17:38; TestNapth 2:2; JosAs; Just., A I, 9, 2 ἐξ ἀτίμων … σκευῶν) Lk 8:16; J 19:29; 2 Ti 2:20 (four kinds as Plut., Caes. 730 [48, 7]). τὸ κενὸν σκεῦος Hm 11:13. ποιεῖν σκ. make a vessel 2 Cl 8:2. τὰ σκεύη τὰ κεραμικά Rv 2:27 (s. κεραμικός). σκ. εἰς τιμήν or εἰς ἀτιμίαν (s. τιμή 2b) Ro 9:21; 2 Ti 2:21 (a fig. sense makes itself felt in the latter pass.).
    ③ a human being exercising a function, instrument, vessel fig. ext. of 1 or 2 (Polyb. 13, 5, 7 Δαμοκλῆς ὑπηρετικὸν ἦν ς.) for Christ Paul is a σκεῦος ἐκλογῆς a chosen instrument Ac 9:15.—Of the body, in which the Spirit dwells (cp. TestNapht 8:6 ὁ διάβολος οἰκειοῦται αὐτὸν ὡς ἴδιον σκεῦος; ApcMos 16 γενοῦ μοι σκεῦος; and the magical prayer in FPradel, Griech. u. südital. Gebete1907, p. 9, 11f ἐξορκίζω σε ἐξελθεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ σκεύους τούτου) Hm 5, 1, 2. Christ’s body as τὸ σκ. τοῦ πνεύματος the vessel of the Spirit B 7:3; 11:9; cp. τὸ καλὸν σκεῦος 21:8 (of the human body, as ApcSed 11:5 [p. 134, 17 Ja.] ὦ χεῖρες … διʼ ἃς τὸ σκεῦος τρέφεται; cp. 10 [ln. 25 Ja.]; 11 [ln. 27 Ja.]). On the human body as ὀστράκινα σκεύη 2 Cor 4:7, s. ὀστράκινος. Those who are lost are σκεύη ὁργῆς Ro 9:22 (cp. Jer 27:25.—CDodd, JTS 5, ’54, 247f: instruments of judgment; sim. AHanson, JTS 32, ’81, 433–43), those who are saved σκ. ἐλέους vs. 23.—1 Pt 3:7 woman is called ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος (ἀσθενής 2a). τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκεῦος 1 Th 4:4 from antiquity has been interpreted to mean one’s own body (Theodoret, Calvin, Milligan, Schlatter, MDibelius; RKnox, transl. ’44; CCD transl. ’41, mg.; NRSV) or one’s own wife (Theodore of Mopsuestia, Schmiedel, vDobschütz, Frame, Oepke; WVogel, ThBl 13, ’34, 83–85; RSV et al.). The former interpr. is supported by passages cited at the beg. of this section 3, and the latter is in accord w. rabb. usage (Billerb. III 632f. S. also κτάομαι 1). Also probable for 1 Th 4:4 is ‘penis’ (so Antistius [I A.D.] in Anthol. Plan. 4, 243; Aelian, NA 17, 11; cp. the euphemistic Lat. ‘vasa’ in this sense: Plautus, Poenulus. 863; s. MPoole, Synopsis Criticorum Ali. Sacrae Script., rev. ed.1694, V col. 908; on sim. usage at Qumran s. TElgvin, NTS 43, ’97, 604–19; NAB [1970] renders guarding his member [difft. rev. ed. of NAB, 1986]. Cp. KDonfried, NTS 31, ’85, 342). In such case κτᾶσθαι must mean someth. like ‘gain control of’, etc.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > σκεῦος

  • 7 κατασκευάζω

    κατασκευ-άζω, [tense] fut. - σκευάσω, [dialect] Att.
    A

    - σκευῶ SIG1097.9

     (Athens, iv B.C.), IPE12.32B53 (Olbia, iii B.C.): [dialect] Dor. [tense] aor. - εσκεύαξα Ti. [dialect] Locr.94d, Test.Epict.1.14, also

    κατεσκέαξα Africa Italiana 1.330

     ([place name] Cyrene): [dialect] Boeot. [tense] aor. inf.

    - σκευάττη SIG1185.13

     (Tanagra, iii B.C.): [tense] pf.

    - εσκεύᾰκα D.42.30

    : [tense] fut. [voice] Med. [ per.] 3sg.

    - ᾶται SIG1015.28

     (Halic.): [dialect] Dor. [tense] aor. [voice] Med.

    - εσκευαξάμην Test.Epict.1.9

    :—equip, furnish fully with.., [ πᾶσι] κ. τὸ πλοῖον with all appliances, D.18.194:—[voice] Med., τοὺς ἵππους Χαλκοῖς.. προβλήμασι κ. X.Cyr.6.1.51:—freq. in [voice] Pass.,

    ἱρὸν θησαυροῖσί τε καὶ ἀναθήμασι κατεσκευασμένον Hdt.8.33

    , cf. 2.44; κατασκευὴ Χρυσῶ τε καὶ ἀργύρω κατεσκ. Id.9.82;

    οἷς ἡ Χώρα κατεσκεύασται Th.6.91

    .
    2 without dat., furnish, equip fully,

    τὴν Χώραν X.An.1.9.19

    ;

    κ. τινὰ ἐπὶ στρατιάν Id.Cyr.3.3.3

    ; [ ἐλέφαντας]

    κ. πρὸς τὴν πολεμικὴν Χρείαν OGI54.12

     (Adule, iii B.C.):—[voice] Med., κ. τοὺς ὄνους having got his asses ready, Hdt.2.121.δ, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,

    τῆς Ἀντάνδρου μελλούσης -σκευάζεσθαι Th.4.75

    , cf. 8.24; ἔργα -ασμένα cultivated farms, Anaxag.4; of persons, to be under treatment, Phld. Lib.p.3 O., al.
    3 construct, build,

    γέφυραν Hdt.1.186

     ([voice] Pass.);

    διδασκαλεῖον Antipho 6.11

    ;

    πόλιν Pl.R. 557d

    ;

    γυμνάσια Id.Lg. 761c

    ; ἱερὰ θυσίας τε αὑτοῖς κ. Id.Criti. 113c;

    ἐπιτείχισμ' ἐπὶ τὴν Ἀττικήν D. 18.71

    : generally, prepare, arrange, establish,

    κ. δημοκρατίαν X.HG 2.3.36

    ;

    δύναμιν τῇ πόλει And.3.39

    ;

    συμπόσιον Pl.R. 363c

    ;

    ἰσότητα τῆς οὐσίας Id.Lg. 684d

    , cf. Arist.Pol. 1265a39;

    ὀλιγαρχίαν Id.Ath. 37.1

    ;

    ναύτας D.50.36

    ; κ. τινὰς μελέτῃ train them, X.Cyr.8.1.43, etc.; turn out,

    πολιτικούς Phld.Rh.2.264

     S., al.:—[voice] Med., κατασκευάζεσθαι ναυμαχίαν prepare it, make ready for it, v.l. for παρασκ- in Th.2.85; make for oneself, esp. build a house and furnish it, opp.

    ἀνασκευάζομαι Id.1.93

    , 2.17; unpack, opp. ἀνασκ., X.Cyr.8.5.2;

    κ. ἐρημίαν αὑτῶ Pl.Lg. 730c

    , etc.; κ. τ ράπεζαν set up a bank, Is.Fr.66; κατασκευάζομαι τέχνην μυρεψικήν I am setting up as a perfumer, Lys.Fr. 1.2;

    τοὺς ἐγγυτάτω τῆς ἀγορᾶς κατ εσκευασμένους Id.24.20

    ; [ πρόσοδον] οὐ μικρὰν κατεσκευάσαντο made themselves a good [income], D.27.61, cf. And.4.11.
    4 of fraudulent transactions, fabricate, trump up,

    πρόφασιν X.Cyr.2.4.17

    ;

    τὸ ἀπόρρητον κατασκευάσαι D.2.6

    ;

    λιποταξίου γραφὴν κατεσκεύασεν Id.21.103

    , cf.92;

    Χρέα ψευδῆ Id.42.30

    , cf.45.22 ([voice] Pass.); of persons, suborn,

    λογοποιούς Din.1.35

    ; set up,

    ἢ.. ἐπιτίθενται αὐτοὶ ἢ κατασκευάζουσιν ἕτερον Arist.Pol. 1306a1

    ; οἱ κατεσκευασμένοι τῶν Θετταλῶν men prepared for the purpose, D.18.151;

    κατεσκ. δανεισταί Id.42.28

    : c. inf.,

    τὸν ἀνεψιὸν.. κατεσκεύασεν ἀμφισβητεῖν Id.55.1

    .
    5 c. dupl. acc., make, render, [ φρούρια]

    κ. ὡς ἐχυρώτατα X.Cyr.2.4.17

    ; ἀριστερὰ δεξιῶν ἀσθενέστερα κ, Pl.Lg. 795a;

    φοβερὸν κ. τὸ αὐτόχειρα γενέσθαι D.20.158

    ;

    ἀνομοθέτητον ἑαυτῶ τὸν βίον Duris 10

     J.;

    κ. τινὰ τοιοῦτον.. Arist.Rh. 1380a2

     (also with Adv., πρὸς ἑαυτὸν κ. εὖ τὸν ἀκροατήν render the audience favourably disposed towards oneself, 1419b11).
    6 represent as so and so, κ. τινὰς παροίνους, ὑβριστάς, ἀγνώμονας, D.54.14, cf. 45.82; εἰ μὴ Γοργίαν Νέστορά τινα κατασκευάζεις unless you make out a Gorgias to be Nestor, Pl.Phdr. 261c.
    7 in argument, maintain, prove, τῶν ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ πραγμάτων.. ὡς ἐγὼ αἴτιός εἰμι, κατεσκεύαζε tried to make out that.., D.21.110;

    κ. ὅτι.. Arr.Epict.3.15.14

    , S.E.P.1.32; κ. τῶ λόγψ establish a proposition by reasoning, Damian.Opt.5;

    διὰ λόγου -σκευασθήσεται Phld. Sign.6

    .
    8 in Logic, construct a positive argument, opp. ἀναιρέω, ἀνασκευάζω (of negative arguments), Arist.Rh. 1401b3, cf. Plu.2.1036b, etc.: Philos., κ. τῶν ἀριθμῶν ἰδέαν construct, postulate, Arist.EN 1096a19, cf. Metaph. 984b25, al.
    9 Geom., construct, Euc.5.7 ([voice] Pass.), Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.6 ([voice] Pass.); solve by a construction,

    πρόβλημα Papp. 54.25

    .
    11 abs. in [voice] Med., prepare oneself or make ready for doing,

    ὡς πολεμήσοντες Th.2.7

    ;

    ὡς οἰκήσων X.An.3.2.24

    ;

    ὡς εἰς μάχην Paus. 5.21.14

    .
    12 [voice] Pass., of disease, to become established,

    - σκευαζομένου τοῦ πάθους Gal.8.332

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κατασκευάζω

  • 8 περιφανής

    A seen all round, of a city, Th.4.102 ; π. ζῷα figures standing free and unattached, opp. those in relief, Callix.2, cf.1.
    2 conspicuous, notorious, S.Aj.66, etc.;

    π. τὰ πράγματα Ar.Lys. 756

    ;

    π. ἀδίκημα Lys.9.22

    ; τὰ δημόσιά που καὶ π. Pl.Phlb. 31e;

    μεγάλη καὶ π. ἀναισχυντία D.27.38

    ;

    τεκμήριον Lys.22.11

     ([comp] Sup.);

    πενία Antiph.167

    ; περιφανές [ἐστι], ὡς .. X.HG7.2.17: [comp] Comp. - φανέστερος, [comp] Sup. - έστατος, ib.7.3.8, Ar.Eq. 206, etc. Adv. - νῶς conspicuously, notably, evidently, S.Aj.81, Ar.Eq. 1186, Pl. 948, Th.6.60, Lys.16.8, Pl.Men. 91d, Ep. 346a: [comp] Comp. - έστερον D.27.7: [comp] Sup. - έστατα Is.8.17 codd. [suff] περιφαν-τάζομαι, frame an imaginative notion of a thing, Simp.in Epict.p.112 D., in Cael.313.8.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περιφανής

  • 9 συνυφαίνω

    συνῠφαίνω, [tense] pf.
    A

    συνύφαγκα D.H.Comp.18

    , Ruf.Anat.9:— weave together, of the spider, Arist.HA 623a11; ἡ τῶν χιτώνων τῶν τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν συνυφαγκότων πλοκή Ruf.l.c.:—[voice] Med.,

    πλέγμα ἐξ ἀέρος καὶ πυρὸς συνυφηνάμενος Pl.Ti. 78b

    :—[voice] Pass., of the horns of certain oxen, to be entangled, Arist.Fr. 363.
    2 metaph., weave together, frame with art,

    ἵνα τοι σὺν μῆτιν ὑφήνω Od.13.303

    ; ἡ πάντα συνυφαίνουσα [πολιτική] which weaves all into one web, Pl.Plt. 305e;

    σ. τὸν λόγον Arist.Rh.Al. 1439a31

    ; [ τοὺς ῥυθμούς] D.H. l.c.;

    ὑπόμνημά τι Luc.Hist.Conscr.48

    ;

    ἐκέρασε τᾷ πολυτεκνίᾳ τοὺς.. οἴκους εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ συνυφήνας IG42(1).86.15

     (Epid., i A.D.):—[voice] Pass., ὥστε ταῦτα συνυφανθῆναι so that this web was woven, i.e. this business contrived, Hdt.5.105; of the parts of a sentence, D.H.Comp.23; θύννοι ἀλλήλοις συνυφασμένοι quite close together, Ael.NA15.3.
    II weave in company, Men.142, PSI3.167.9 (ii B.C.).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συνυφαίνω

  • 10 στέφω

    στέφω, - ομαι
    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `to surround closely, to enclose tightly, to encase, to wreathe, to honour (with libations)' (for it, esp in prose, often στεφανόω).
    Other forms: Aor. στέψαι, - ασθαι (Il.), pass. στεφθῆναι, fut. στέψω, - ομαι, perf. ἔστεμμαι (IA.; ἐστεθμένος Miletos VIa; cf. στέθματα below).
    Compounds: Also w. περι-, ἐπι-, κατα- a.o. As 2. member a.o. in χρυσο-στεφής `consisting of a golden garland' (S.), but most verbal, e.g. καταστεφ-ής `wreathed' (: κατα-στέφω, S., A. R.).
    Derivatives: 1. στέφος n. `wreath, garland' (Emp., trag., late prose), metaph. `honouring libation' (A. Oh. 95); 2. στέμμα, most pl. - ατα n. `band, wreath' (Il.), also as ornament of Rom. figures or ancestors, `family tree' (Plu., Sen., Plin.), `guild' (late inscr.) with - ματίας surn. of Apollon (Paus.), - ματιαῖον meaning uncertain (H., AB), - ματόω `to wreathe' (E.); on the byform στέθματα τὰ στέμματα H. s. Schwyzer 317 Zus. 1 (w. lit.). 3. στέψις f. `the wreathing' (pap. IIIp). 4. στεπτικόν n. `wreath-money, -toll' (pap. IIIp). 5. στεπτήρια στέμματα, α οἱ ἱέται ἐκ τῶν κλάδων ἐξῆπτον H.; Στεπτήριον n. name of a Delphic feast (Plu.). 6. στεφών m. `summit' (Ephesos IIIa), = ὑψηλός, ἀπόκρημνος H.; after κολοφών a.o. -- 7. στεφάνη f. `fillet, edge of a helmet' also `helmet' (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 43. also Hainsworth JHSt. 78, 52), `edge of a rock, wall-pinnacle' (esp. ep. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose). 8. στέφανος m. `wreath, frame, wreath of victory or honour, honour' (since Ν 736) with several derivv.: - ιον, - ίσκος, - ίς, - ικός, - ιαῖος. - ίτης, - ιτικός, - ίζω, - ίξαι; esp. - όομαι, - όω, also w. περι- a.o., `to form a wreath, to wreathe, to crown, to decorate, to honour' (Il.), from where - ωμα, - ωματικός, - ωσις, - ωτής. - ωτίς and - ωτρίς (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 164), - ωτικός.
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: As the basic meaning of στέφω, from which all other formations ar serived, clearly is `closely, fest surrounded, enclosed', there is no reason not to connect, Skt. stabhnā́ti, perf. tastámbha `make fest, hold fest, support, stiffen, stem', as already appears from πύκα `close, fest', πυκάζω `make fest, enclose narrowly', ἄμ-πυξ (and Av. pusā) `band of the forehead, diadem' [but see s.v.]. Of the many further representatives of this great and difficult to limit wordgroup may only still be mentioned Skt. stambha- m. `making fest, stem, support, post, pillar', Lith. stam̃bas `stump, stalk of a plant', Latv. stabs `pillar', Germ. e.g. OHG stabēn `be fixed, stiff' (Eastfris. staf `stiff, lame'), OWNo. stefja `stem', OHG stab, OWNo. stafr `staff'; IE * stebh-, stembh- (WP. 2, 623ff., Pok. 1011 ff.). -- As Skt. stambha- can also mean `bumptiousness, pretentious being', the question has arisen, whether also στόμφος `bombastic, highflown speech' belongs here; cf. on στέμβω. With stabhnā́ti etc. are often connected στέμβω [wrongly, s.v.], ἀστεμφής etc. assuming a meaning complex `press, stamp, stem, support, post etc.' (s. WP. and Pok. l. c.), a combination, which goes beyond what can be proven. -- Diff. on στέφω, στέφανος Lidén Streitberg-Festgabe 224ff.: to NPers. tāǰ `corona, diadema regium', Arm. t`ag `id.', ev. also to Osset. multiplicative suffix - daɣ (W. Oss. dudaɣ) with a basic meaning `wind, wrap, fold'; would be IE *( s)tegʷʰ-. == Frisk's discussion is completely dated. It is hampered by Pok. 1011, where (* stebh-. * stembh- and * step- are conbined; this is impossible in IE, so the grouping can best be completely dismissed (presence beside absence of a nasal is impossible, as is bh\/b\/p.) Skt. stabhná̄ti has a root * stembhH-\/*stm̥bhH-, which cannot give Gr. στεφ-, not στεμβ-. It might be found in ἀστεμφής. = σταφυλή and στέμφυλον are a Pre-Greek group and have nothing to do with IE. = The argumentation around ἄμπυξ (s.v.) can better be abandoned. = For στέφω one expects *stebh- (without nasal), but no such root has been found; the Geranic words for `staff (Stab)' have a quite diff. meaning. = So στέφω has no etym.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στέφω

  • 11 στήμων

    στήμων, - ονος
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `the warp in the upright loom, thread', also of a single thread (Hes.).
    Other forms: Dor. - ά- AP.
    Compounds: Some compp., e.g. στημονο-νητικη τέχνη `the art of spinning' (Pl.; Chantraine Études 137), χρυσο-στήμων `with golden threads, goldstitched' (Lyd.); with old transition in the o-stems στημο-ρραγέω `to be unraveled into threads' (A.), μανό-στημος `with thin warp' (A.)
    Derivatives: Dimin. στημόν-ιον (Arist.), - ίας κίκιννος `thread-like curl' (Cratin.), - ικός `belonging to the warp' (pap. IIIp), - ώδης `warp-like' (Plu.), - ίζομαι `the thread for pulling up the warp' (Arist.). Besides στημν-ίον `yarn, (weaving-)thread' (Delos IIIa, hell. pap.), cf. λιμέν-ιον: λίμνη a.o. (Schwyzer 524); with loss of the ν: στημ-ίον (late pap.).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1004, 1007] * steh₂- `stand'
    Etymology: Old des. of an old notion, except to the gender formally and in meaning identical with Lat. stāmen n. Besides, in meaning deviating, στῆμα n. des. of an apparatus (Hero), `the exterior part of the membrum virile' (Ruf., Poll.), Skt. sthā́man- n. `standing-place', Goth. stomin (dat.) = Gr. ὑπόστασις, OSwed. stomme from * stōme m. `scaffolding, frame', Lith. stomuõ, gen. -meñs `body- hape, stature'; all from IE * steh₂-m(e\/ o)n-; s. on ἵστημι. -- With ō-ablaut στώμιξ δοκὶς ξυλίνη H. (also Lith. stuomuõ?) with formation like Russ. dial. stamík `supporting beam, steep rock etc.'. With zero grade στάμνος(?) s. v. and σταμῖνες. --WP. 2, 606f., Pok. 1007f., W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv. (w. lit.); cf. v. Windekens Orbis 12, 193.
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  • 12 σχεδία

    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: 1. `raft' (Od., Att., hell. pap.), `pontoon-bridge' (Hdt., A. in lyr.), `frame' (Ath. Mech.). 2. `cramp, clip' (Ph. Byz.).
    Other forms: ion. - ίη
    Compounds: As 1. member in σχεδι-ουργός m. `raft-builder' (Them.).
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: Attractive proposal by Bq s.v.: substantiv. of an adj. σχεδία ( ναῦς, γέφυρα), f. from σχέδιος (s. σχεδόν), if not rather an abstract-(collective-)formation in - ία from σχεδόν (cf. κλισία, οἰκία, ἑστία) "*unprepared formation, improvisation". But the semantics is not convinving. Not with Curtius a.o. (s. Scheller Oxytonierung 62) from σχέδη, which, if at all authentic, is a loan from Lat. scheda (s. σχίζω). -- In the sense of `clamp, clasp' in Ph. Byz. σχεδία can be understood as a deliberate transformation of the old word on the basis of a direct connection with σχεῖν `hold' (Scheller l.c.).
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σχεδία

  • 13 δεξιός

    δεξιός, ά, όν (Hom.+; Ath. 15, 2 κατὰ τὴν τέχνην ‘artistically appropriate’)
    ① right as opposed to left in a frame of reference, right.
    ⓐ Used w. a noun χείρ (Hippocr.; Epid. 5, p. 88 [2, 8]) Mt 5:30; Lk 6:6; Ac 3:7; Rv 1:16f; 10:5 (Dt 32:40); 13:16; eye (Hippocr., Epid. 3, 1, 3 [44] ed. Kühlewein I 218, 19) Mt 5:29 (the right eye is esp. valuable because its loss is a handicap to the warrior: Jos., Ant. 6, 69–71; here in 71 also the thought: it is better to suffer the loss of the right eye than to ἀπολωλέναι in possession of all the other members); cheek vs. 39 (s. D 1:4); ear (s. on οὖς 1) Lk 22:50; J 18:10; shoulder Hs 9, 2, 4; foot (Artem. 2, 51; 5, 70) Rv 10:2. τὰ δ. μέρη the right side J 21:6; Hv 3, 1, 9; 3, 2, 1 (as the lucky side as Il. 12, 239; 13, 821; Artem. 5, 92; Quint. Smyrn. 12, 58).—Abs. ἡ δ. (sc. χείρ) the right hand (Hom.+; LXX; ApcEsdr 3:7 p. 27, 15 Tdf.; Jos., Ant. 17, 184) Mt 6:3 in a warning against ‘strategic’ giving; 27:29; Rv 1:17, 20; 2:1; 5:1, 7—τὰ δ. (sc. μέρη; s. above) the right side (X., An. 1, 8, 4); περιέβλεπεν τὰ δ. καὶ τὰ ἀριστερά GJs 11:1 (s. ἀριστερός). ἐκ δεξιῶν on the right (X., Cyr. 8, 5, 15 al.; oft. pap [Mayser 226]; LXX; En 13:7; Jos., Ant. 4, 305) w. gen. (Tob 1:2; Zech 4:3; Sir 12:12 al.; TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 2 [Stone p. 30] al.; TestJob 33:3) Mt 25:33f (cp. Plut., Mor. 192f ἐκέλευε τοὺς μὲν ἐπὶ δεξιᾷ τοῦ βήματος θεῖναι, τοὺς δʼ ἐπʼ ἀριστερᾷ … τ. βελτίονας … τοὺς χείρονας); Mk 15:27; Lk 1:11; Pol 2:1; abs. (1 Esdr 9:43; Ex 14:22, 29; 3 Km 7:25, 35 al.) Mt 27:38; Lk 23:33; B 11:10; Hv 3, 2, 1f; 4; Hs 9, 6, 2. Also ἐν τοῖς δ. Mk 16:5 or δεξιά (s. εὐώνυμος, end) Hs 9, 12, 8. Pl. ἐκ δεξιῶν τινος εἶναι stand at someone’s side Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8; of geographical location En 13:7 Ἑρμωνοεὶμ δύσεως ‘to the right of Hermon’).—In imagery of spiritual equipment ὅπλα δ. καὶ ἀριστερά weapons for the right side and the left side 2 Cor 6:7 (sword and shield, offense and defense).
    ⓑ freq. in symbolism (on symbolic use s. SFlory, Medea’s Right Hand: Promise and Revenge: TAPA 108, ’78, 69–74; cp. δεξιτερή [sc. χείρ] Il. 22, 320 Achilles is about to avenge the death of Patroclus; s. also Soph., Phil. 813. The pl. δεξιαί is used in Hom. of pledges given in good faith with the right hand Il. 2, 341=4, 159; for use of the term in contracts s. Preis. s.v., esp. PFay 124, 13 [II A.D.]) and imagery relating to prestige or power. Abs. (sc. χεῖρ): of position at the right hand of an eminent pers., esp. a royal figure (for a king’s right hand as emblematic of prestige s. 1 Cl 28:3 [Ps 138:10]); B 12:11 (Is 45:1). δ. διδόναι give the right hand (on this abs. use cp. the Eng. expression ‘give me five’) as a sign of friendship and trust (X., An. 1, 6, 6; 2, 5, 3; Alex. Ep. XIV, 31; Diod S 13, 43, 4; Appian, Liby. 64, 284; 1 and 2 Macc; Jos., Ant. 18, 326; 328.—Dssm., NB 78f [BS 251]; Nägeli 24) Gal 2:9 (KGrayston, BRigaux Festschr., ’70, 485: ‘came to terms’; JSampley, Pauline Partnership in Christ ’80, 26–35). ἐπιτιθέναι τὴν δ. ἐπὶ τ. κεφαλήν τινος lay one’s right hand on someone’s head B 13:5a (Gen. 48:18a ἐπιβάλλειν); also μετατιθέναι … τινος transfer one’s right hand on someone’s head vs. 5b (Gen 48:18b ἐπιτιθέναι). ἐν δεξιᾷ at the right (Arrian, Anab. 6, 2, 2): ἐν δ. τινος at someone’s right: God’s (Ael. Aristid. 37, 6 K.=2 p. 15 D., w. allusion to Pind., calls Athena δεξιὰν κατὰ χεῖρα τοῦ πατρὸς [Zeus] καθεζομένη.—Pind., N. 11, 2 names Hera as the ὁμόθρονος of Zeus) Ro 8:34; Eph 1:20; Col 3:1; Hb 10:12; 1 Pt 3:22. τῆς μεγαλωσύνης Hb 1:3; τοῦ θρόνου 8:1; 12:2.—The right hand in imagery of power (of God: PsSol 13, 1; Jos., Bell. 1, 378) τῇ δεξιᾷ of God (as Is 63:12) by or with his right hand (cp. Maximus Tyr. 4, 8a) Ac 2:33; 5:31 (BWeiss; Zahn; HHoltzmann; Felten; Beyer; Steinmann; Moffatt Ac 2:33); it may also be dat. of place (B-D-F §199; Rob. 526; 543) at or to his right hand (Weizsäcker; Wendt; Knopf; Belser; Hoennicke; OHoltzmann; Moffatt Ac 5:31). Pl. καθίσαι ἐκ δ. τινος sit at someone’s right, i.e. at the place of honor (3 Km 2:19; Jos., Ant. 8, 7) of the Messiah Mt 20:21, 23; Mk 10:37, 40; of God Mt 22:44 (Ps 109:1); 26:64; Mk 12:36 (Ps 109:1); 14:62; 16:19; Lk 20:42 (Ps 109:1); 22:69; Ac 2:34; Hb 1:13; 1 Cl 36:5; B 12:10 (the last 4 Ps 109:1); stand on the right as the place of honor (Ps 44:10) Ac 7:55f; Hs 9, 6, 2 (s. Bihlmeyer app.).—AGornatowski, Rechts u. Links im ant. Abergl., diss. Breslau ’36; JDaniélou, TU 73, ’59, 689–98; BLiow-Gille, ‘Dexter’ et ‘sinister’ et leur équivalents: Glotta 69, ’91, 194–201.
    ② pert. to being morally or spiritually correct, true σύνεσις δ., ἀριστερά understanding of what is true and what is false D 12:1 (for other interpretations s. ἀριστερός and σύνεσις).—B. 865. DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > δεξιός

  • 14 ἀνομία

    ἀνομία, ας, ἡ (Eur., Hdt., Pre-Socr. et al.; pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo; Jos., Bell. 1, 493, Ant. 15, 348; Ar. 11, 7; Just., D. 14, 1; 18, 2; 24, 3; Ath., R. 71, 6; Mel., P. 68, 486; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 44, 31; Did., Gen. 44, 17)
    ① state or condition of being disposed to what is lawless, lawlessness, opp. δικαιοσύνη (Hdt. 1, 96; X., Mem. 1, 2, 24 ἀνομίᾳ μᾶλλον ἢ δικαιοσύνῃ χρώμενοι) Ro 6:19a; 2 Cor 6:14; Dg 9:5; Hm 4, 1, 3; w. ὑπόκρισις Mt 23:28; oft. (as Ps 58:3) w. ἁμαρτία, w. which it is identified 1J 3:4: cp. 1 Cl 8:3; 18:3 (Ps 50:4; 30:19; 102:10); Hs 7:2. ἔργα τῆς ἀ. lawless deeds, which originate in a lawless frame of mind B 4:1; Hs 8, 10, 3. υἱοὶ τῆς ἀ. lawless pers., those who despise the law (cp. Ps 88:23) Hv 3, 6, 1; ApcPt 1:3; διὰ τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀ. AcPl Ha 2, 27. ἀ. characterizes this aeon as Satan’s domain, ending of Mk in the Freer ms. 2. ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀ. (v.l. ἁμαρτίας) of the Lawless One 2 Th 2:3 (regarded as transl. of Beliar by Bousset, D. Antichr. 1895, 86; s. also Ps 93:20 θρόνος ἀνομίας and cp. 1QH 5:36; but see BRigaux, Les Épîtres aux Thess. ’56, 656–67). μυστήριον τῆς ἀ. the secret of lawlessness, secret because (and as long as) the Antichrist has not made his appearance vs. 7 (cp. Genesis Apocryphon col. I, 2; JFitzmyer, Essays on the Semitic Background of the NT ’71, 103f, n. 9); on the ἀ. in the last days Mt 24:12; D 16:4. μέθυσμα ἀνομίας wanton drunkenness Hm 8:3. ἡ τῆς πλάνης ἀ. lawless deceit B 14:5. ὁ καιρὸς ὁ νῦν τῆς ἀ. the present time, when lawlessness reigns 18:2; cp. 15:7 (cp. TestDan 6:6). Of God μισεῖν ἀ. (Ps 44:8) Hb 1:9 (v.l. ἀδικίαν).
    ② the product of a lawless disposition, a lawless deed Ro 6:19b. λυτρώσασθαι ἀπὸ πάσης ἀ. (Ps 129:8) redeem fr. all lawlessness, i.e. l. deeds Tit 2:14. ἐργάζεσθαι ἀ. (oft. LXX) Mt 7:23; Hm 10, 3, 2; ἐργάτης ἀ. 2 Cl 4:5; ἀ. ποιεῖν (Hos 6:9; Is 5:7 al.; TestDan 3:2; TestGad 2:5 v.l.; cp. πράττειν ἀ. Ar. 11, 7) Mt 13:41; 1J 3:4; 1 Cl 16:10 (Is 53:9); more specif. ἐν στόματι commit sin with the mouth B 10:8; λαλεῖν ἀ. κατά τινός 1 Cl 15:5 (Ps 34:19); ἁρπάζειν ἐν ἀ. seize lawlessly 10:4. Of Salome woe is me for my sin and unbelief! GJs 20:1 (not pap). Pl. lawless deeds, trangressions (POxy 1121, 20; Herm. Wr. 1, 23; oft. LXX; Just., D. 18, 2) Ro 4:7 (Ps 31:1); Hb 8:12 v.l.; 10:17; 1 Cl 16:5, 9 (Is 53:8); 18:5, 9 (Ps 50:7, 11); 50:6 (Ps 31:1); 60:1; B 5:2 (Is 53:5); Hv 2, 2, 2; 3, 6, 4; Hs 5, 5, 3. (In ms. tradition ἀ. is oft. interchanged w. synonyms; so Hb 1:9 [ἀδικία]; 2 Th 2:3 [ἁμαρτία]; 1 Cl 35:5 as v.l. for πονηρία.)—AcPl BMM recto 26 restored fr. POxy 1602, 27 [ἀν]ομίας (for this ἐπιθυμίας AcPl Ha 8, 20), cp. AcPlCor 2:11.—Dodd 76–81. DELG s.v. νέμω. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀνομία

  • 15 ὀργή

    ὀργή, ῆς, ἡ (Hes. et al. in the sense of ‘temperament’; also ‘anger, indignation, wrath’ (so Trag., Hdt.+)
    ① state of relatively strong displeasure, w. focus on the emotional aspect, anger GPt 12:50 (s. φλέγω 2). W. πικρία and θυμός Eph 4:31; cp. Col 3:8 (on the relationship betw. ὀργή and θυμός, which are oft., as the product of Hebrew dualism, combined in the LXX as well, s. Zeno in Diog. L. 7, 113; Chrysipp. [Stoic. III Fgm. 395]; Philod., De Ira p. 91 W.; PsSol 2:23; ParJer 6:23). W. διαλογισμοί 1 Ti 2:8. W. μερισμός IPhld 8:1. ἡ ἀθέμιτος τοῦ ζήλους ὀρ. the lawless anger caused by jealousy 1 Cl 63:2. ἀπέχεσθαι πάσης ὀρ. refrain from all anger Pol 6:1. μετʼ ὀργῆς angrily (Pla., Apol. 34c; Esth 8:12x; 3 Macc 6:23; JosAs 4:16 μετὰ ἀλαζονείας καὶ ὀργῆς) Mk 3:5; βραδὺς εἰς ὀρ. slow to be angry Js 1:19 (Aristoxenus, Fgm. 56 Socrates is called τραχὺς εἰς ὀργήν; but s. Pla., Phd. 116c, where S. is called πρᾳότατο ‘meekest’). ἐλέγχετε ἀλλήλους μὴ ἐν ὀρ. correct one another, not in anger D 15:3 (ἐν ὀργῇ Is 58:13; Da 3:13 Theod.). Anger ἄφρονα ἀναιρεῖ 1 Cl 39:7 (Job 5:2); leads to murder D 3:2. δικαιοσύνην θεοῦ οὐκ ἐργάζεται Js 1:20; originates in θυμός and results in μῆνις Hm 5, 2, 4.—Pl. outbursts of anger (Pla., Euthyphro 7b ἐχθρὰ καὶ ὀργαί, Rep. 6, 493a; Maximus Tyr. 27, 6b; 2 Macc 4:25, 40; Jos., Vi. 266) 1 Cl 13:1; IEph 10:2 (B-D-F §142; W-S. §27, 4d). JStelzenberger, D. Beziehgen der frühchristl. Sittenlehre zur Ethik der Stoa ’33, 250ff. S. also Ps.-Phocyl. 57f; 63f and Horst’s annotations 153, 155–57.
    ② strong indignation directed at wrongdoing, w. focus on retribution, wrath (Πανὸς ὀργαί Eur., Med. 1172; Parmeniscus [III/II B.C.] in the schol. on Eur., Medea 264 Schw. τῆς θεᾶς ὀργή; Diod S 5, 55, 6 διὰ τὴν ὀργήν of Aphrodite; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 6, 29; SIG 1237, 5 ἕξει ὀργὴν μεγάλην τοῦ μεγάλου Διός; OGI 383, 210 [I B.C.]; LXX; En 106:15; TestReub 4:4; ApcEsdr 1:17 p. 25, 11 Tdf.; ApcrEzk pap. Fgm. 1 recto, 6 [Denis, p. 125]; SibOr 4, 162; 5, 75f; Philo, Somn. 2, 179, Mos. 1, 6; Just., D. 38, 2; 123, 3; oft. Jos., e.g. Ant. 3, 321; 11, 127; Theoph. Ant. 1, 3 [p. 62, 21].—EpArist 254 θεὸς χωρὶς ὀργῆς ἁπάσης) as the divine reaction toward evil (παιδεύει ἡ καλουμένη ὀρ. τοῦ θεοῦ Orig., C. Cels. 4, 72, 4) it is thought of not so much as an emotion (οὐ πάθος δʼ αὐτοῦ αὐτὴν [sc. ὀργὴν] εἶναί φαμεν Orig., C. Cels. 4, 72, 1) as the outcome of an indignant frame of mind ( judgment), already well known to OT history (of the inhabitants of Nineveh: οἳ τὴν ὀρ. διὰ μετανοίας ἐκώλυσαν Did., Gen. 116, 22), where it somet. runs its course in the present, but more oft. is to be expected in the future, as God’s final reckoning w. evil (ὀρ. is a legitimate feeling on the part of a judge; s. RHirzel, Themis 1907, 416; Pohlenz [s. below, b, end] 15, 3; Synes. Ep. 2 p. 158b).—S. Cat. Cod. Astr. V/4 p. 155.
    ⓐ of the past and pres.: of judgment on the desert generation ὤμοσα ἐν τῇ ὀργῇ μου (Ps 94:11) Hb 3:11; 4:3. In the present, of Judeans ἔφθασεν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἡ ὀρ. the indignation (ὀργή abs.= ὁρ. θεοῦ also Ro 12:19—AvanVeldhuizen, ‘Geeft den toorn plaats’ [Ro 12:19]: TSt 25, 1907, 44–46; [on 13:4; 1 Th 1:10]. Likew. Jos., Ant. 11, 141) has come upon them 1 Th 2:16 (cp. TestLevi 6:11; on 1 Th 2:13–16 s. BPearson, HTR 64, ’71, 79–94). Of God’s indignation against sin in the pres. ἀποκαλύπτεται ὀρ. θεοῦ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ἀσέβειαν Ro 1:18 (JCampbell, ET 50, ’39, 229–33; SSchultz, TZ 14, ’58, 161–73). Of God’s indignation against evildoers as revealed in the judgments of earthly gov. authorities 13:4f (here ὀρ. could also be punishment, as Demosth. 21, 43). The indignation of God remains like an incubus upon the one who does not believe in the Son J 3:36 (for ἡ ὀρ. μένει cp. Wsd 18:20). Of the Lord’s wrath against renegade Christians Hv 3, 6, 1. The Lord ἀποστρέφει τὴν ὀρ. αὐτοῦ ἀπό τινος turns away (divine) indignation from someone (ἀποστρέφω 2a) Hv 4, 2, 6.—Of the wrath of God’s angel of repentance Hm 12, 4, 1.
    ⓑ of God’s future judgment specifically qualified as punitive (ἐκφυγεῖν τὴν ὀρ. καὶ κρίσιν τοῦ θεοῦ Theoph. Ant. 2, 14 [p. 136, 16]) ἔσται ὀρ. τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ Lk 21:23; ἡ μέλλουσα ὀρ. Mt 3:7; Lk 3:7; IEph 11:1. ἡ ὀρ. ἡ ἐρχομένη 1 Th 1:10; cp. Eph 5:6; Col 3:6. σωθησόμεθα ἀπὸ τῆς ὀρ. Ro 5:9. οὐκ ἔθετο ἡμᾶς ὁ θεὸς εἰς ὀρ. God has not destined us for punitive judgment 1 Th 5:9. θησαυρίζειν ἑαυτῷ ὀργήν (s. θησαυρίζω 2b and PLond VI 1912, 77–78 ταμιευόμενος ἐμαυτῷ … ὀργήν and 81 εἰς ὀργὴν δικαίαν [opp. internal hostility, line 80]; s. SLösch, Epistula Claudiana 1930, 8. Claudius reserves to himself punitive measures against ringleaders of civil unrest; the par. is merely formal: in our pass. it is sinners who ensure divine indignation against themselves) Ro 2:5a. This stored-up wrath will break out ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς (s. ἡμέρα 3bβ) vs. 5b. Elsewhere, too, the portrayal of the wrath of God in Paul is predom. eschatological: ὀρ. καὶ θυμός (s. θυμός 2) Ro 2:8 (cp. 1QS 4:12); cp. 1 Cl 50:4; δότε τόπον τῇ ὀρ. Ro 12:19 (s. 2a above; τόπος 4). Cp. 9:22a. ἐπιφέρειν τὴν ὀργήν inflict punishment 3:5 (s. 13:4f under a above; s. Just., A I, 39, 2). Humans are τέκνα φύσει ὀργῆς by nature children of wrath, i.e. subject to divine indignation Eph 2:3 (JMehlman, Natura Filii Irae etc. ’57). τέκνα ὀργῆς AcPlCor 2:19 (on gnostic opponents of Paul). Cp. σκεύη ὀργῆς κατηρτισμένα εἰς ἀπώλειαν objects of wrath prepared for destruction Ro 9:22b. Of the law: ὀργὴν κατεργάζεται it effects/brings (only) wrath 4:15.—In Rv the term is also used to express thoughts on eschatology 6:16; 11:18. ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ μεγάλη τῆς ὀρ. αὐτῶν the great day of their (God’s and the Lamb’s) wrath (s. above) 6:17. On τὸ ποτήριον τῆς ὀρ. αὐτοῦ the cup of his wrath 14:10 and οἶνος τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀρ. τοῦ θεοῦ 16:19; 19:15, s. θυμός 1 and 2 (AHanson, The Wrath of the Lamb, ’57, 159–80).—ARitschl, Rechtfertigung u. Versöhnung II4 1900, 119–56; MPohlenz, Vom Zorne Gottes 1909; GWetter, D. Vergeltungsgedanke bei Pls1912; GBornkamm, D. Offenbarung des Zornes Gottes (Ro 1–3): ZNW 34, ’35, 239–62; ASchlatter, Gottes Gerechtigkeit ’35, 48ff; GMacGregor, NTS 7, ’61, 101–9; JHempel, Gottes Selbstbeherrschung, H-WHertzberg Festschr., ’65, 56–66. S. also κρίσις, end: Braun 41ff and Filson.—B. 1134. DELG 1 ὀργή. M-M. DLNT 1238–41. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὀργή

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